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Parbuckle salvage
Parbuckle salvage, or ''parbuckling'', is the righting of a sunken vessel using rotational leverage. A common operation with smaller watercraft, parbuckling is also employed to right large vessels. In 1943 was rotated nearly 180 degrees to upright after being sunk in the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Italian cruise ship ''Costa Concordia'' was successfully parbuckled off the west coast of Italy in September 2013, the largest salvage operation of that kind to date.
==Mechanical advantage and difficulties==
While the mechanical advantage used by the laborer to parbuckle a cask up an incline is 2:1, parbuckling salvage is not so limited. Each of the 21 winches used to roll the ''Oklahoma'' used cables that passed through two 17-part tackle assemblies (17:1 advantage). Eight diameter sheaves, eight diameter sheaves, and one diameter sheave comprised just half the mechanical effort.
A major concern during salvage is preventing rotational torque from becoming a transverse force moving the ship sideways. , lost like the ''Oklahoma'' in the Pearl Harbor attack, was meant to be recovered by a similar rotation after the ''Oklahoma.'' As the ''Utah'' was rotated, however, its hull did not catch on the harbor bottom, and the vessel slid towards Ford Island. The ''Utah'' recovery effort was abandoned.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USS Arizona Memorial: Submerged Cultural Resources Study (Chapter 2) )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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